Background: The Pahalgam Attack
On April 22, 2025, a deadly attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, resulted in the deaths of 26 Hindu tourists. India attributed the assault to Pakistan-based militants, specifically the group Lashkar-e-Taiba. In response, India suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, citing Islamabad’s alleged support for cross-border terrorism.
Operation Sindoor: India’s Retaliatory Strikes
On May 7, 2025, India launched “Operation Sindoor,” a series of airstrikes targeting nine locations across Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The Indian government stated that the strikes aimed at dismantling terrorist infrastructure linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed. The operation utilized Rafale jets armed with SCALP missiles and AASM Hammer bombs, executing the 23-minute-long mission in the early hours of the morning.
Pakistan’s Response: Retaliation and Casualties
Pakistan condemned the Indian airstrikes as an “act of war,” asserting that the attacks targeted civilian areas, including mosques and residential blocks, resulting in at least 26 civilian deaths and 46 injuries. In retaliation, Pakistan claimed to have shot down five Indian jets and conducted artillery attacks across the Line of Control, leading to additional casualties on both sides.
International Reactions and Concerns
The United Nations, along with China and the United Kingdom, urged both nations to exercise restraint and engage in diplomatic dialogue to prevent further escalation. The international community expressed grave concern over the potential for a broader conflict between two nuclear-armed neighbours.
Civilian Impact and Regional Disruptions
The ongoing hostilities have led to significant disruptions in the region. Pakistan closed its airspace for 48 hours, leading to the cancellation of flights in major cities such as Karachi and Lahore. Educational institutions in Punjab were closed, and examinations were postponed. In India, the nationwide civil defence exercise “Operation Abhyaas” was conducted across 244 districts to bolster preparedness against potential threats.
Strategic Implications and Future Outlook
The escalation between India and Pakistan underscores the fragile security situation in the Kashmir region. While both nations have nuclear capabilities, the risk of miscalculation remains high. Analysts emphasize the need for sustained diplomatic efforts to de-escalate tensions and prevent further loss of life.
Conclusion
The recent developments mark a significant deterioration in India-Pakistan relations. The international community watches closely, hoping for a return to dialogue and peace to avert a full-scale conflict.
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