Cervical cancer is a malignant growth originating in the cervix, the narrow opening between the uterus and vagina. This type of cancer arises from the cells of the cervix and is predominantly triggered by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a virus transmitted through sexual contact. The progression from normal cells to cancerous cells typically occurs gradually, allowing for the opportunity to detect and treat changes early, often before cancer has fully developed.
Symptoms of cervical cancer may not be apparent in its early stages but can include unusual vaginal bleeding, discomfort in the pelvic region, or pain during sexual intercourse as the cancer progresses. Fortunately, cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer. Vaccination against HPV, routine Pap smears to detect precancerous conditions, and prompt treatment of any abnormalities are effective strategies for prevention.
Treatment for cervical cancer varies based on the cancer’s stage, with a multidisciplinary approach often adopted. Surgical options range from targeted removal of affected tissue to more extensive procedures like hysterectomy, depending on the cancer’s extent. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are also common, either as standalone treatments or in conjunction with surgery, to eliminate cancer cells. For less invasive cancers, procedures such as LEEP or cryotherapy might suffice. In more advanced stages, the combination of radiation and chemotherapy is a typical treatment, and targeted therapy drugs are considered for specific cancer growth mechanisms.
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